The Industrial Revolution is one of the most requested topics in Enem and in entrance exams across the country. That's why we've put together exercises to get you ready for the big day.
Good study and good luck!
Question 1
(UFG-2013) Read the following information:
In the mid-eighteenth century, James Watt patented his invention in England, about which he wrote to his father:“The business to which I am engaged has now become a great success. The fire engine I invented is working and getting a much better response than any that has been invented so far.”
Available at:http://www.ampltd.co.uk/digital_guides/ind-rev-series-3-parts-1-to-3/detailed-listing-part-1.aspx. Access on:29 Oct. 2012.(Adapted).
The historical revolution related to the text, the primary source of energy used in such a machine and the environmental consequence of its use are, respectively:
a) Puritan, natural gas and increase in the occurrence of thermal inversion.
b) glorious, oil and destruction of the ozone layer.
c) gloriosa, mineral coal and increase in the thawing process of the polar ice caps.
d) industrial, natural gas and reduction of atmospheric humidity.
e) industrial, mineral coal and increased atmospheric pollution.
Alternative e) industrial, coal and increased atmospheric pollution.
The Industrial Revolution brought benefits such as cheaper products, but evils such as pollution arose.
Question 2
(Aman-2015) The accumulation of capital, the modernization of agriculture, the availability of labor and natural resources and the strength of Puritanism help to explain the pioneering spirit of __________ in the Industrial Revolution.
BOULOS Jr, p.421
Of the options listed below, the country that best fills the space above is:
the Germany
b) Holland
c) Italy
d) England
e) Spain
Alternative d) England
In the 18th century, England had a series of favorable conditions that made it a pioneer in the Industrial Revolution as labor, capital and an entrepreneurial mindset.
Question 3
(Fuvest) About technological innovation in the manufacturing system in 18th century England, it is correct to say that it:
a) was adopted not only to promote greater efficiency in production, but also to achieve capitalist domination, as machines subjected workers to authoritarian forms of discipline and a certain hierarchy.
b) it occurred thanks to the investment in cutting-edge technological research, made by the industrialists who participated in the Industrial Revolution.
c) it was born from the support given by the State to research in universities.
d) it took place inside the factories, whose owners encouraged workers to develop new technologies.
e) was solely and exclusively the product of the genius of a few generations of inventors, having been adopted by industrialists who were interested in increasing production and, therefore, profits.
Alternative a) was adopted not only to promote greater efficiency in production, but also to achieve capitalist domination, as machines subjected workers to authoritarian forms of discipline and a certain hierarchy.
The question asks to consider two aspects of the Industrial Revolution:the technical and the social. The alternative that speaks of these two characteristics is the letter A.
Question 4
(PUC-Campinas) Among the social consequences forged by the Industrial Revolution we can mention:
a) the development of a social layer of workers, who, deprived of the means of production, began to survive only from the sale of their labor power.
b) the improvement of housing and survival conditions for the working class, provided by the surge in economic development.
c) the social ascension of artisans who pooled their capital and tools in workshops or dispersed rural households, increasing domestic production nuclei.
d) the creation of the Bank of England, with the objective of financing the monarchy and also being an institution that generates jobs.
e) the development of petrochemical industries, favoring the organization of the labor market, in order to ensure employment for all employees.
Alternative a) the development of a social layer of workers, who, deprived of the means of production, began to survive only from the sale of their labor power.
Upon leaving the countryside, people who migrate to the city have no choice but to work in factories. Therefore, it is the birth of the proletarian who only has the option of selling his labor power to survive.
Question 5
(PUC-Campinas) The new production process introduced with the Industrial Revolution, in the 18th century, was characterized by:
a) implementation of rural domestic industry to replace workshops.
b) production in large manufacturing units and intense division of labor.
c) mechanization of agricultural production and consequent fixation of man to the land.
d) ease in the purchase of machines by artisans who could obtain financing for it.
e) concern to increase production, respecting the limit of the worker's physical strength.
Alternative b) production in large factories and intense division of labor.
Unlike the artisanal production mode, industrial production required large spaces, many machines and workers specialized in certain functions.
Question 6
(PUC-Campinas) "The Duke of Bridgewater reproached his men for having returned late after lunch; they apologized saying they had not heard the 1 o'clock strike, so the Duke modified the clock, causing it to strike 13. "
This text reveals one of the aspects of the changes arising from the English industrial process at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. From historical knowledge, it can be said that:
a) workers benefited from the shorter working hours compared to the period before the industrial revolution.
b) the rationalization of time was one of the significant psychological aspects that marked the development of machine-making.
c) London businessmen controlled more rigorously the hours of workers, but as compensation they provided productivity remuneration for punctual workers.
d) factories, in general, had little control over workers' working hours, given the difficulties in recording and the inaccuracy of clocks in that context.
e) industrialists created laws that protected workers who correctly followed their working hours.
Alternative b) the rationalization of time was one of the significant psychological aspects that marked the development of machinemaking.
The timing of pre-industrial societies was dictated by the cycle of nature. Later, with the growth of the industry, it would be ruled by the clock that does not respect the phases of natural development.
Question 7
(PUC-SP) For the industrialization process in England in the 18th century, it was decisive (a):
a) the colonial relationship, maintained with India and North America, which made possible a large accumulation of financial resources.
b) the stimulus to the English development, promoted by the technological competition with the Americans.
c) the union of national interests around a development effort, soon after the expulsion of Napoleonic troops from English territory.
d) the incentive to technological innovation as a result of the action of the Luddites who destroyed the machines considered obsolete.
e) the trade agreement known as the Methuen Treaty, which established the opening of German markets.
Alternative a) the colonial relationship, maintained with India and North America, which made possible a large accumulation of financial resources.
The colonies provided England with raw materials and a consumer market for their products.
Question 8
(Mackenzie) Among the achievements of the Meiji Era (Age of Enlightenment), unleashed by Emperor Mitsu-Hito aiming to modernize Japan to compete on equal terms with the industrialized countries of the West, we highlight:
a) abolition of serfdom, proclamation of the equality of all Japanese before the law, development of public education, communications and the economy.
b) strengthening of the power of the Shogunate and opening of ports to foreign products, aiming to assimilate western technology.
c) creation of independent Daimios, coordinated by an imperial Shogun in charge of stimulating the activities of urban centers of industrial production.
d) policy of financial incentives for the national bourgeoisie, formation of a regional supranational economic bloc (the Asian Tigers), expanding relations between East and West.
e) economic reform, creation of the Yen, institution of servitude in industries, and cession of Hong Kong Island to England in exchange for financial loans.
Alternative a) abolition of serfdom, proclamation of the equality of all Japanese before the law, development of public education, communications and the economy.
The Meiji Era unified the various fiefs that existed in Japan, systematized education, abolished local taxes, in addition to opening the country to the West, although several restrictions were imposed. In this way, it was one of the few countries in the East that was not dominated by the West, unlike several Asian regions.
Question 9
(Enem) The Second Industrial Revolution, at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, in the USA, a period in which electricity gradually became part of the daily life of cities and to feed the engines of factories, was characterized by scientific management of work and series production.
MERLO, A. R. C.; LAPIS, N. L. Health and work processes in capitalism:reflections on the interface between the psychodynamics of work and the sociology of work. Psychology and Society, no. 1, Apr. 2007.
According to the text, in the first half of the 20th century, capitalism produced a new geoeconomic space and a revolution that is related to:
a) proliferation of small and medium-sized companies, which are equipped with new technologies and increased production, with the contribution of large capital.
b) Fordist production technique, which instituted the division and hierarchy of work, in which each worker performed only one stage of the production process.
c) transition from the artisanal production system to the factory production system, focusing mainly on textile production destined for the domestic market.
d) political independence of the colonized nations, which allowed equality in economic relations between the countries producing raw materials and the industrialized countries.
e) constitution of a class of wage-earners, who had as a source of subsistence the sale of their labor power and who fought for the improvement of working conditions in the factories.
Alternative b) Fordist production technique, which instituted the division and hierarchy of work, in which each worker performed only one stage of the production process.
The Second Industrial Revolution, in the USA, incorporates and improves concepts that already existed in English factories. Therefore, when it applies them in its companies, Ford achieves an increase and cheaper vehicle production.
Question 10
(Uerj-2011) The Paris Exhibition of 1889 focused on the “Gustave Eiffel Tower” with 300 m high, over 7,000 tons and over a million rivets. It had two long galleries devoted to the Fine Arts and the decorative arts; behind was the imposing “Palacio das Máquinas”.
Adapted from http://www.esec-josefa-obidos.rcts.pt
International exhibitions began in London in 1851. The Eiffel Tower, one of the symbols of the city of Paris, was erected for the 1889 exhibition, commemorating the centenary of the French Revolution.
During the European capitalist expansion, in the 19th century, these exhibitions had as main objective to highlight the importance of:
a) Franco-British financial cooperation.
b) technological modernization of production.
c) consolidation of bourgeois democracies.
d) standardization of development standards.
Alternative b) technological modernization of production
Universal expositions were a great way to show the world the technological advances and economic might of each country.
Question 11
The 19th century was a time full of inventions in various fields of knowledge. Among them, we can highlight:
a) Radio, telephone and television
b) The locomotive, the automobile and the vaccine
c) Photography, cinema and electricity
d) The lightning rod, the calculator and the telegraph.
Correct alternative c) Photography, cinema and electricity
Alternative "a" is incorrect because television would only be created in the 19th century. XX. The "b" is wrong, as the vaccine was created in the 18th century. In "d", the lightning rod had been invented in the 18th century.
Question 12
Among the characteristics of the Second Industrial Revolution we can mention:
a) Focused on the steel industry, automobile and large-scale electricity use.
b) Compared to the first stage of the Industrial Revolution, it is a minor stage, as nothing significant has been created.
c) It enabled the expansion of financial capital only in the European continent and in the United States.
d) It revealed the potential of countries like Germany and France that allied themselves against British power.
Correct alternative a) Focused on the steel industry, automobile and large-scale electricity use.
During the Second Industrial Revolution, the steel, iron and chemical industries evolved the most. Electric energy would enter the streets of cities and be used in factories, as well as the manufacture of automobiles that would change the urban landscape forever.
Question 13
Industrialization was not an isolated phenomenon and reached all parts of the globe. In this context, the role of the territories that achieved their political independence during the Second Industrial Revolution was:
a) became suppliers of agricultural raw materials for those who were industrializing.
b) received a large part of the European surplus capital
c) they absorbed the peasants who were expelled from the countryside, such as the French, Germans and Italians.
d) managed to attract capital and skilled labor which, in turn, enabled the industrialization process.
Correct alternative a) became suppliers of agricultural raw materials for those who were industrializing.
Political independence did not bring economic independence. On the contrary, the former colonies continued to supply raw material to be transformed into industries or agricultural products for domestic consumption.
Question 14
The industrialization of cities changes the landscape. Among the problems that arise we can mention:
a) Leakage of manpower
b) food shortage
c) pollution
d) concentration of income
Correct alternative c) pollution
The production method was more efficient, but also more polluting, using energy sources such as coal, which polluted the rivers and the air.
Question 15
"Workers' movement that united and revolted against machines at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Their action consisted of invading a textile industry and promoting the destruction of the machines that produced the goods".
Adapted www.historiadomundo.com.br. Query 06.16.2020
The snippet above describes the movement:
a) socialist
b) communist
c) anarchist
d) Luddite
Correct alternative d) Luddite
The Luddite movement consisted of a group of workers who were against the use of machines in the work environment. That's why they usually broke into factories and broke them down.
These texts can help in studies :
- English Industrial Revolution
- First Industrial Revolution
- Industrial Capitalism
- Questions about Capitalism
- General Knowledge and Current Affairs
- Enem Questions