The third person to remember in the Capetian dynasty is King Philip IV Philip IV (Reigned from 1285 to 1314).
It is nicknamed King Philip IV because of his good looks. It's a pretty blessed nickname because it was named after King Charles the Fat, King Charles the Fat, and other kings of all time.
This time, such Philip IV Among the "church-related" policies that should be remembered especially in the reign that was created by, from the "background of measures taken" to "what kind of policy did you actually implement?" I will summarize up to.
Let's see the situation at that time
In Western Europe after the Crusades expedition, commerce was developing as a result of procuring supplies along the way during the expedition and focusing on agricultural production in various places.
Above all, Flanders Including Northern Europe Commercial Area And Mediterranean Commercial Area Champagne region between the commercial area using the sea and both commercial areas Will develop.
In addition, the royal authority has begun to change from the situation where the authority of the Roman Church and the princes and knights, which had been strong until now, has weakened. That said, the city is getting stronger, so I want to keep it down before it gets too strong.
The king and those around him may have had such an intention.
Count of Champagne Also King Navarre Daughter and Philip IV Are getting married and strengthening the royal territory.
Changes in relations with England
Champagne region Is next to the old royal headquarters, Count of Champagne Is Guyenne in the northeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula Kingdom of Navarre located southwest of (British-dominated areas such as Aquitaine and Gascony) Also ruled.
In other words, Philip IV Means that he became King of France and King of Navarre.
* Since it is a map drawn using two different maps, it lacks accuracy.
Looking at the map, " Navara And France Guyenne Can be confirmed. Philip IV Has come to dominate the place where Guyenne can be pinched.
It seems that England had to be very conscious of France.
Philip IV and Flanders
Such Philip IV Flanders .. The region was a very rich land, buying and selling processed wool goods imported from England by sea.
* It's a little rough way of remembering. .. .. A certain sheep's clay animation is set in England. Wool will be a keyword in the later Industrial Revolution, so I think it's worth remembering as England → sheep.
Flanders Has an inseparable relationship with England, and conversely Flanders I'm not on good terms with the royal family who try to do what they want. Since 1297, " Flanders + England And " Kingdom of France ] Have come to collide.
In addition, England on the back of Flanders Philip IV to drop Can be pinched and shot through Navarra Guyenne The war broke out at last. The war will last longer than I expected.
What did you do to raise the cost of the war?
Philip IV to pay for this war What has been done is tough taxation on clerics. Naturally, the priests, churches, and popes get angry and the two come into conflict.
The Pope at this time was Boniface VIII was.
Boniface VIII Is said to have been a "church supremacist", and the two collide with each other.
Thinking like this Philip IV Is a real estates estates that has also been established in the Holy Roman Empire and England. Held.
- Cleric
- Aristocrat
- Commoners
I was trying to impose a tax after holding a joint meeting with different statuses and gaining the support of the people "what to do with taxing the church".
The Pope who cannot accept this is Philip IV Excommunication and counter.
As a further countermeasure, the King
After holding a council as
, Boniface VIII Is attacking. This is what the world says Anagni is.
Anagni with the Pope's palace in Rome Because it was attacked at the place called " Anagni Incident Was given the name.
Church decline due to this incident Is now visible. The attack involved a bureaucrat who had his parents executed by an inquisition.
Boniface VIII Was shocked by the attack and died suddenly one month later (it is said that he was indignant), and the curtain on the incident was closed. The reason why it is called "indignation" is that it was a death that was too timely. He actually said he died of a chronic illness.
What is Avignon Papacy?
Outrage of Anagni Lost the Pope and poisoned (suspected) the next Pope. .. .. The Pope who took over the position after that was Archbishop Clement V of Bordeaux, France. was.
The place was a person who was greatly influenced by France only in the place, Philip IV Stands for him. Although he was the Pope at the end, he did not go to Rome and settled the Pope in Avignon in southeastern France. I was in charge of political affairs.
There were many people, including those who lived in Rome, who thought, "The Roman Church must be based in Rome!" That's why. .. ..
Partly because of that view, Avignon Papacy was taken to the Babylonian captivity who was forcibly taken to the Neo-Babylonian Kingdom after the disappearance of the Kingdom of Judah. It is called (1309-77).
So Avignon Papacy
- A group that should be based in Rome
- The faction that should be under the control of the King of France
Completely divided into Western Schism This leads to a situation called Philip IV . It will be a story long after the reign of.
Thus Philip IV Aimed to raise money while clarifying his position with the church, but he was trying to raise money from another place related to the church.
That is Knights Templar is. Knights Templar After disbanding, I began to think about whether I could get the property of the Knights.
Dissolution of the Knights Templar
From the Knights Templar (wikipedia)
Knights Templar Is one of the three major religious orders along with the Teutonic Order and the Knights of St. John.
Originally around the 12th to 13th centuries First Crusade Jerusalem Defending Jerusalem It was responsible for protecting the pilgrims heading for. The fact that "Temple Hill" was given as the site for the dormitory Knights Templar Is the origin of the name.
The Knights Templar is Second Crusade Louis VII (Donating land to the outskirts of Paris in honor of his struggle), 3rd expedition So Philip II And Richard I He was known for his strength and courage and gained fame.
At the same time, as an organization grows, it has enormous wealth and power. Philip IV on this enormous fortune I noticed.
He is Knights Templar When he summoned the president of the knights, he confiscated the property of the knights as "I worship the devil!" And opened an "Inquisition" to convict him. It is a completely wet garment.
Arrest not only the president but also 15,000 members of the order, and be burned at the stake for confessions by torture. It seems that some people accused the king of being forced to confess in front of the priests, but Knights Templar Has reached the end of non-work.
From Philippe IV le Bel (wikipedia)
At this time, the main person involved was the Pope Clement V , who came under the supervision of the King of France other than the King. is.
Jacques de Molay, President of the Knights Templar
"We are innocent!"
Proceeding before his death, Philip IV And Clement V Is said to have cursed.
Both die the same year, but Philip IV In addition to his death, he was hit by disasters one after another.
What was the disaster that Philip IV was hit by?
This is Philip IV It's a posthumous story, so it's not directly related to his reign. .. ..
Despite having four adult sons, no one was able to establish a long-term government, and the death of his grandson was the curse of the Knights Templar . I will add that I was afraid as.
Her daughter Isabel is also married to England, but her husband is having a hard time confiscating her territory after her same-sex childhood friend and affair (suspicion) with her aides.
Before the confiscation of her territory, Isabel had the worst relationship with her husband and she often returned to her parents' home to plan her demise. Meanwhile, the wife of her brothers discovers a scandal that has an affair with a knight (Tour de Nesle affair). The stress of this scandal is Philip IV Did you accelerate your death? It is said that.
It was a severance after the disaster continued for the family, so it came to be said sincerely that it was a "curse."
I don't know if it's actually a curse, but the Capetian dynasty broke down in this way and the Hundred Years War Will continue to.