What was Izakoza in the background of the previous "British Civil War and War of the Roses?" 』In Hundred Years War I've summarized the mess inside Britain that has continued since then, but this time it's finally War of the Roses It's production.
War of the Roses Then, in about 30 years
- Lancaster vs. House of York Conflict
- Conflict inside the House of York
- House of York vs. Tudor (a sidestream of the Lancaster) dispute
.
War of the Roses Tudor as a result of the end of Is also a dynasty that will enter a new phase of absolute monarchy, so ③ will be summarized in a separate article.
So, this time I will summarize the flow up to the Second Fitna.
* Open for a week, so Lancaster And House of York I will also post the family tree of. Richard II Plantagenet morning Henry IV who robbed the throne from From Lancaster It began.
Lancaster family vs. York family! Offensive and defensive [first civil war]
1455, St Albans north of London Finally, the end of the war was opened. Hundred Years War Hundred Years War because the year ended in October 1453 It happened about two years after.
Lancaster in this battle The main axes of the dead (the other soldiers killed about 50 people and the number of people was small), Henry VI Has been arrested and returned to London with a mental illness.
Taking this opportunity, the national affairs became Duke of York Holds on, but the following year Henry VI Recovered and started pro-government. Although he was aiming for the throne, the aristocrats were still dominated by the royal sect in the situation at the time, so Richard Could not take the throne.
On the other hand, with the recovery of her husband, the queen Margaret Brings the court together Duke of York Conflict with. We will continue to fight back and forth.
* It is a mistake of Duke of Somerset → Duke of Somerset. Earl of Warwick became a super-important person in the War of the Roses, as it was later called the Kingmaker (the side with his allies can become the King).
At this time, Henry VI From the intention of "I want to avoid a full-scale collision", both sides compromised and managed the administration with some conflicts.
Meanwhile, Richard Goes to his own base, his * Ireland, to strengthen his armament. Also, Richard Earl of Warwick Richard Neville , who was the biggest supporter Curry in French territory I am supposed to serve as the commander of.
* Time is in the middle of the Hundred Years War. Henry VI, who began his pro-government as an adult, leans toward the "opposition to war" peace sect and despises the opinion of his continuation sect. Continuing Richard was treated cold and eventually dried and sent to Ireland (1447).
In addition, curry Is the front line to France and the largest standing army in Britain.
Of course, Margaret Is Margaret Since I was preparing various things, the offense and defense at the last minute could not continue for a long time in such a state. .. ..
Finally Margaret at the council convened in 1459 Is York Impeachment. It has evolved into an armed conflict.
Richard's Death
Duke of York Richard in a battle with the Royals with Scottish support the following year Is killed in action and his son Edward Counterattacked and entered London in 1461. He was sought after by the aristocrats Edward IV Enthroned as House of York Is established.
On the other hand, the Lancaster family The three are in exile in Scotland. However, Henry VI Was captured in 1465 and imprisoned in the Tower of London.
Margaret can't go to Scotland And Prince Edward Will travel to France by sea and spend time in exile while living in exile again.
Civil War of the House of York [Second Fitna]
Safely House of York I didn't think it would fit in with the rule of the government. This time the House of York The civil war began in the midst of it.
What is the background to the beginning of the civil war in the House of York?
Edward IV during the First Fitna Richard Neville However, he became the most influential aristocrat after the First Fitna.
He is curry King of France Louis XI to solidify the House of York while deepening relations with France when he became the commander of Queen Charlotte's sister Bona (reigned 1461-1483) And Edward IV I will proceed with the marriage story.
However, Edward IV Is Richard Neville Is Bona Lancaster while advancing the marriage story with Elizabeth Woodville , a widow of a nobleman with a very different status I got married in secret.
Naturally, Richard Neville The face is crushed. Further Elizabeth Neville more and more due to the heavy use of relatives And Edward IV I can't get along with you.
So Neville Was tied to the younger brother George Plantagenet was.
George He was able to do it, but he was ambitious and Neville In addition to being sown to become the next king, Edward IV also in foreign policy. It seems that a difference in thinking was beginning to emerge.
Edward IV thought that the throne would be threatened if these two were tied together Was very opposed to marriage, but behind the scenes George and Neville's daughter secretly married.
Thus Edward IV And Richard Neville The relationship has definitely deteriorated.
What is the result of the Second Fitna?
Finally Neville And George Instigated to revolt in 1469. Edward IV To the land where he led the army to revolt for this suppression.
One Neville Is the forefront of France, curry Leading an army from Edward IV Collide with the army of.
Edward IV only in Britain's most armed land Is Neville I was defeated by my army and was captured and imprisoned.
However, Neville Is branded a rebel and cannot run the administration without the king, curry It will not be an enemy to escape to. So I relied on the King of France, Louis XI . is.
Louis XI Is Duke of Burgundy Is completely hostile to Edward IV Burgundy through my sister Is UK I wasn't happy to be in an alliance with.
There, Henry VI , who had been protecting for a long time. Wife Margaret And Richard Neville Bring together
We mediate the alliance by marrying each child. Henry VI for this move The intention to re-pitch was hidden.
This aim was a great success. Lancaster House Neville tied with Is Edward IV Deported, Henry VI Is being reinstated.
However, the following year, Duke of Burgundy felt a sense of crisis against France. Edward IV with the help of George when he invades England again Earl of Warwick, Richard Neville Is defeated. Henry VI And Edward Was also executed Margaret She was also imprisoned in the Tower of London.
Henry VI The Duke of Clarence George has lost his ambitions to take the throne due to his reinstatement. Is his younger brother Richard York faction by persuading (later III) I was changing to.
Thus the Lancaster family The successor to the throne was almost eradicated and regained the throne Edward IV Was born with a son, and his reign was safe. As it is House of York I was wondering if it would continue ...
Who is the successor to Edward IV?
Previous Lancaster vs. House of York The battle was temporarily settled. However, this time, the relationship between the brothers also changes.
Duke of Clarence George Is Richard (Sansei) and the inheritance of heritage began to be quarreled, and even earlier Neville Edward IV I didn't get much preferential treatment. On the contrary, George And the king's relationship becomes disagreeable.
So, Neville Most of the inheritance of Richard (3rd generation) inherited and built up a large force. One George Will be executed on suspicion of rebellion.
Like that, Edward IV Although his reign progressed, he died suddenly in 1483 due to the overdrinking and eating from his youth. His next king, his son Edward V He was only 12 years old.
Relatives always come out when the crown prince is 12 years old and has doubts about his ability to administer.
Edward IV Is his youngest brother Richard before his lifetime Lord Protector to (3rd) I was trying to appoint him to (Regent), but Edward V Mother Elizabeth Relatives Woodville Family The two became in conflict with each other.
Originally Lancaster .. .. .. Moreover, because the family is not so high, there are many opponents and Edward V . Woodville House to The effect of is too great.
Against this background, Richard (3rd) He wants to take the throne, Edward V Woodville Clan Is purged.
Further Richard Is Edward V Fold it up.
Congress Edward V I questioned whether the succession to the throne was justified. " Edward IV And Elizabeth Woodville The marriage was invalid because of a bigamy. "
No words to the dead.
Edward V , partly because their marriage was originally in the form of a "secret marriage". The throne is stripped. Together with his younger brother, they were imprisoned in the Tower of London, Richard Is King Richard III As the coronation.
However, Richard III By the time he reached this coronation, he was repulsed by many aristocrats because he had taken a rather aggressive approach, such as executing him in conflict with his collaborators.
The later Tudor stood up with the support of the repulsive aristocrats. Henry Tudor , the founder of That's how it was.