After the establishment of Rome, the king's rule continued in Rome for about five hundred years, but in BC. The Roman Republic was established in 509. It was a peculiar type of republic, dominated by some wealthy families of the zamindar class. They are collectively 'Senate' Used to say This Senate was nominated by Roman-officers elected by the Romans who were called 'council' was called.
The Senate used to rule Rome on the 'Republic System'. There were two types of people living in the Roman Republic. The first class was of the zamindars and the second class was of the common people. 'Patrician' to the upper class And the section of the general public 'Plebian' was called Everyone respected the Senate, but only the rich and the sovereign, ie 'Patrician', could be a senator.
Due to this, for the first several hundred years of the Roman Republic, there were bloody struggles for dominance between the wealthy landowner class and the common people. The influential people of the landlord class also used to conspire against each other to get seats in the Senate and even killed each other. The main reason for this was that the head of the Roman Republic was usually a member of the Senate.
In Rome of that period, apart from the landlord class and the common class, there was also a class of slaves who were captured and brought from the northern shores of Africa. Their life was like that of animals and they were not considered citizens of Rome. Old-aged slaves were freed by their masters. They also lived in Rome in large numbers.
Slaves and freed slaves did not have the right to choose the members of the council. It was a surprise that the members of the council were elected by the common votes of the zamindar class and the common people, but only the members of the zamindar class could be nominated by the council members to the senate and the gana-pramukh was elected. Used to be from among the members of the Senate.
In this way, the role of the common man in the election of the Gana-pramukh used to be negligible and ineffective. Almost all the wealth of Rome was concentrated in the hands of the rich class of Rome i.e. 'Patricians'. The common class i.e. 'Plebian' could barely fill the stomach even after working hard day and night. The common people raised their voice against these rich people many times, but each time they were badly crushed by the landlords. In the end the masses decided to leave Rome.
They left Rome in large numbers and settled in a separate city. This caused great hardship to the rich people of Rome and their daily activities came to a standstill. In the end the landlord class of Rome compromised with the common people and gave them some rights in civil life. These rights began to increase over time, and some people of this class became successful in becoming members of the Senate.
In the midst of internal political and civil tensions and conflicts, Rome ruled not only the Italian peninsula but also a vast area of the Mediterranean. Spain, North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, southern France, Yemen and most of the eastern Mediterranean were dominated by the Roman armies and there were appointed Roman governors. The world knew it as the Great Roman Republic. Roman society was considered the most modern society at that time.
The leaders of the Roman Republic built strong traditions in times of peace and war and displayed high morals from time to time. Roman senators created a number of legal and legislative structures that were interpreted as 'Napoleon Code' and 'Justinian Code' can be seen in. Many of the traditions established in the Roman Republic can still be seen today in many modern nations and international institutions in Europe and the world.
Bloody revenge of Roman humiliation
At the time when Rome was founded, the Finnish people established a city called 'Carthage' on the northern coast of Africa. Later Rome and Carthage became powerful as they progressed and there were long wars between these two cities for commercial supremacy. In those days small Greek-colonies were located in southern Italy, Sicily and Messina between Rome and Carthage.
Both Rome and Carthage wanted to end these colonies and assert their authority over them. In the end, Rome and Carthage joined together to drive the Greeks out of these colonies. When the Greeks were driven out of Italy and Sicily, Roman armies occupied Sicily and Rome reached the southern tip of Italy with a 'boot' (shoe shape).
The friendship between Rome and Carthage was selfish and therefore could not last long. Both the powers camped their armies on both sides of the Mediterranean Sea. In those days the power of Carthage was greatly increased and he did not give much importance to Rome. Rome was also excited. Due to this the armies of both the countries kept fighting with each other for almost 100 years.
There used to be peace for some time in between, but after some time the armies of both the countries would break on each other like hungry wolves, in which thousands of soldiers would be killed or dismembered and crippled forever. There were three major wars between these two powers called 'Punic War' says.
The First Punic War lasted from BC 264 to BC 241 i.e. for 23 years. Rome won this war. After 22 years the Second Punic War began. On behalf of Carthage, this war was led by the famous warrior 'Hanival' of that period. He persecuted the Romans for 15 years. Battle of Canny at the end in 216 BC Hannival defeated Rome but the Romans did not give up.
They took control of the sea route between Rome and Carthage so that Hannival could not escape to Carthage and the new army from Carthage could not reach Hannival. After this the Romans started a guerilla war. They knew that it was extremely difficult to defeat Hannival in a face-off.
Rome's general 'Fabius', despite his defeat, had the courage to continue the fight with Hannival. Hannival deserted a large part of Italy, but he could not take Rome under his control.
Finally in 202 BC 'Battle of Jama' Hanniwal was defeated in After this, Hannival ran to save his life, but wherever he went, Rome's unquenchable hatred followed him and in the end he died after consuming poison. After this Rome degraded Carthage very much but the fire of revenge burning in Rome's mind was not extinguished!
The defeated Carthage endured the humiliation of Rome for fifty years. In the end, Rome troubled Carthage so much that Carthage was forced into the Third Punic War. In this battle also there was heavy fighting and Carthage was completely destroyed. The Carthage that 'Queen of the Mediterranean Sea' It was said that the Romans got plows done on that land of Carthage.
With the retaliation from Carthage, the terror of the Roman armies was established throughout Europe and the Mediterranean. The rulers of these regions began to fear the name of Rome. Rome no longer had any rivals in Europe. Rome had already taken control of all the Greek colonies located in the Mediterranean Sea.
Now Carthage also came under the authority of Rome. After this, Rome also took control of all the colonies under the influence of Carthage. Even Spain came under the control of Rome. Despite this, northern and central Europe was still outside the jurisdiction of the Roman Republic. The Great Roman Republic wanted to swallow it up as quickly as possible.