According to Yamakawa's glossary, after Emperor Severus, Rome, in other views at the latest after the assassination of Emperor Alexander, will experience an era called the Barracks emperor era.
I wanted to write an article for 26 people about the time when 26 emperors appeared and almost all of them died in just 50 years, but it is close to penance, so 50 I'll write an article about 26 people a year!
Maximinus Thrax and the four emperors (235-238)
After Alexander Severus was openly assassinated, it was Maximinus Thrax of Thrace, who was pushed by the troops to become the emperor.
A so-called slamming soldier who was rushed to the next stage by Emperor Severus, his body was strong and powerful, and after winning 16 consecutive victories in a simulated battle held inside the army, Emperor Severus asked, "Can you follow this horse?" It has a legendary episode that he followed after going to and then wrestled and left out seven people.
It may be stronger than the Chinese military commanders Lu Bu and Yang Dae.
Maximinus, who was indebted to Severan, returned to Thrace when he was Macrinus and was engaged in farming, but when Elagabalus returned, he returned to the Roman army, and when Alexander died, he was deployed to the Germanic front. It was decided that the soldiers would recommend him to the emperor.
He is a military emperor who is neither a corps leader nor a senator, let alone a governor's experience.
The Senate immediately approved the inauguration of the 62-year-old man as emperor.
Even that year, his strength remained the same, and he was able to defeat the Germanic people, but something strange happened here. Gordian, 80 years old, became emperor in North Africa.
And the Senate also acknowledges the existence of Emperor Gordian.
I think it's unreasonable, but the Senate seems to have welcomed Gortianus, who had experienced important Roman positions such as Praetor and Consul, rather than Maximinus.
Moreover, the two sons of Gortianus were also given the status of co-emperor, and even a resolution was made to make Maximinus the enemy of the nation.
However, it happens here that soldiers in North Africa launch an attack on Gordian. It is completely divided into the Elderly School and the military.
As a result of this armed uprising, Gordian and his son Gordian II were killed in action, and the panicked Senate was newly Barbinus . And Babynus Two co-emperors were set up to oppose Maximinus, while Maximinus was attacked by soldiers of the Corps on his way to Rome and died.
The co-emperors Barbinus and Babienus are also killed by their soldiers.
I don't know what it is anymore, but people at that time must not have understood it.
I know. It seems that five emperors died forever in this year, 238 AD. Even in world history, it is in a terrible state in the worst class.
Gordian III and Philip Arabs (238-249)
The troubled Senate makes Gordian's other son the Roman emperor. He was 13 years old by this time, but thanks to a man named Timeziteus, he was the longest-serving military emperor for six years.
His reign was devoted to the Sassanid Empire and the Germanic measures, but Timeziteus, who became the Chief of the Guard, did well.
But I was out of luck. During this period, the founder of the Sasanian Empire died, and Shapur I is said to be the hero of the Sasanian Empire. Has become the next King of Persia.
No matter how bad the opponent was. Shapur looted in Roman territory and provoked Roman troops.
On the Roman side, the emperor himself led the army and started a war with Persia and won. Shapur was politically do it, but the fighting was weak. However, he was a monarch who felt like he was losing and winning, and the damage on the winning side of Rome was great.
In particular, the death of Timeziteus was a pain to Gordian III, and the emperor who lost his backing was assassinated by another guard secretary, Phillips.
Phillips Arab became emperor, and he was supposed to fight the Sassanid Empire, but decided to abandon northern Mesopotamia at the request of Sharple.
What is that? It looks like I saw the same pattern before ...
Phillips was not immediately assassinated. He was an emperor for about two years. He seemed to be doing a lot of reforms, but it didn't work at all, and the reason he made a name for himself in history was because he was the Roman emperor at the time of the Roman 1000th Anniversary Festival.
While doing that, the Germanic people in the north began to rampage. Perhaps Phillips did not go out and dispatched the capital secretary, Decius, who became the emperor at the recommendation of the soldiers.
I don't know what you're talking about, but it's true ...
Phillips and Decius start a fight ... I thought, but all the soldiers on the Phillips side were about Decius, and Phillips committed suicide at the end and died.
I wonder if it's like this in this era ...
Decius and Christian repression, Germanic invasion and Trebonius
Decius has no name recognition in Japan, but is a famous emperor in Europe. His reason was the crackdown on Christianity, and until now the crackdown on Christianity had been narrowed down to the leader class such as priests, but Decius has also targeted the general public.
But the biggest problem for Decius was the Germanic invasion. Rome has been plagued by the Germanic invasion for hundreds of years, at which time the Germanic people, said to be about 300,000, have moved south in a wavy and aggressive manner.
A monster like Marius could have repelled it, but humans like Decius and the weakened Roman army had no such power left.
The Germanic people returned to their land after ruining the Roman territory. By the way, Decius also died in the fight against the Germanic people. It seems that his body was not found after all. He is the Roman emperor who died for the first time in the fight against a different race.
The next emperor was Trebonianus, the governor of the Moesian province.
The man made peace with the Germanic, but his corps was furious at his weak attitude. Emilianus, the governor of the Moesian province, broke the peace between the emperor and the Germanic people and invaded the Germanic camp. In that case, the Germanic side also started further promotion, and it reached the Mediterranean Sea with that momentum.
As the fight against the Germanic people progressed, people's dissatisfaction grew with both Emperor Trebonianus and Aeriminanus. Instead, Valerianus, who was already 63 years old, gained support, and after the Germanic people who were satisfied with the looting pulled up, the three began to fight each other, and finally Valerianus won. ..
Historical Emperor Valerianus (253-260)
The military emperor, whose name appears in world history textbooks, is Valerianus if Severus or Karakala is not a military emperor. Only.
Why is Valerianus listed?
It was the first and only active Roman emperor to be a POW of the Sassanid Persia.
I remember writing this person's name many times in the exam when I was an examinee. When I think about it, I feel sorry for this person because he has been ridiculed by people all over the world for 1800 years.
But the only manifestation of the decline of the Roman Empire was the defeat of Valerianus and the capture of the Sassanid Empire. Moreover, Valerianus is dead in captivity.
As an aside, Valerianus is from the same Licinius clan as one of the Triumvirate, Cracks, who was about to lose the fight against Parthian and was about to be captured, but a nearby Roman soldier killed Cracks to prevent it. There is an episode that he escaped shame.
It's an episode, but it's true that Cracks wasn't called by a ridiculous historical name.
By the way, no one wrote about whether the Roman side thought it was a shame, or how Valerianus lost the battle. He may be the poorest person in Roman emperor history.
Emperor Gallienus and the Roman Three Kingdoms
Due to the capture of Valerianus, his son Gallienus Became the Roman emperor.
Gallienus may have wanted to face the Sasanian decisive battle immediately, but he had to prioritize the fight against the Germanic people.
Germanic from the north and Sasanian from the east.
Captivity in the Sassanid Empire of Rome.
Upon hearing this information, the northern Germanic avalanche into Roman territory at once.
Even the plague erodes Rome.
Even more tragic, Postumus, the governor of the province of Gaul, founded the independent state "Gallic Empire", and Zenobia, the wife of the eastern Supreme Commander Odenatos, built the "Palmyra Empire" in the land of Palmyra. , Rome is divided into three.
I would like to write another article about this Roman Three Kingdoms because it will be a lot of volume, but Rome falls into the state of a four-sided song.
If you get here, it's usually destroyed, but Rome doesn't.
Emperor Gallienus set up a corps, managed to rebuild the economy, and was assassinated by his own cavalry.
His reign was long during the eight-year barracks emperor's era, during which time Rome's national power declined significantly and was confined to the corps.
Claudius Gothic
In Rome, the names Germanicus, which means to control Germania, and Britannicus, which means to control Britannicus, appear, but this emperor is called Gothic because he controlled the Goths.
It looks like the prestigious Claudius clan in Rome, but its ancestors are Roman citizens who gained Roman citizenship when they were Emperor Claudius, and even the names of their fathers and mothers do not remain. Originally a peasant, Gothic became the Roman emperor in 268 AD.
There are examples of emperors from peasants such as Emperor Gaozu and Hongwu Emperor in China, but they are rare in Europe.
In a sense, his reign is over in two years.
His achievement, as the name implies, was a great victory over the Goths, the Germanic people.
By the way, Count Cagliostro of Lupine III:Castle of Cagliostro is a descendant of this Goth tribe.
Gothic introduced the Goths to the Roman army, settled them, and taught agriculture. As a result, the Goths, as members of Rome, fight against other Germanic peoples and begin to produce results.
Although he was an emperor with both fighting and political power, Gothic soon died due to the plague he was doing at the time.
The Senate planned to make his younger brother Quintillus the emperor, but the next emperor was recommended by a corps of Aurelian, and the Senate followed suit.
Quintillus seems to have committed suicide in this matter.
Unification of the three countries with Emperor Aurelian, the master of the military emperor era (270-275)
During the time of the military emperor, it was this Aurelian emperor who could be said to be the only master.
His reign is as short as five years, but it is no exaggeration to say that his achievements are at the level of the Five Good Emperors.
Aurelian was found by Valerianus, who was captured by the Sassanid Empire, at that time in the basin of the Donau River, Rome's most important defense.
He first decided to let go of the province of Dacia. He would have decided that it wasn't the case when he was bitten by Dacia, although it was the land of Romania that was desperately acquired by Emperor Trajan.
Aurelian turned his army to the east and invaded Syria, the territory of the Palmyra Empire. He captures Queen Zenobia of Palmyra and immediately directs his army to the Gallic Empire with his feet.
The Gallic Empire descended to Rome without fighting, and Rome was reunited. During that time, he was also active in domestic affairs, such as maintaining the walls of Arrelianus, which still remains today, and was killed by his subordinates while attacking the Sasanian Empire.
This era tells us that it is the ally, not the enemy, that is really scary.
Emperor Interregnum, Emperor Tacitus, and Probus
After Aurelian, it was about five months before the emperor was decided in Rome.
Until now, the person who assassinated the emperor was inaugurated as the next emperor, but the person who was a poor man this time was sentenced to death, and all those who participated in the plan were punished.
After five months of interregnum, it was Emperor Tacitus, a descendant of Rome's most famous historian Tacitus.
He was already 75 years old when he became emperor, and he seems to have refused many times, but he couldn't refuse at last.
Tacitus was serious. He disposed of all his property, put it in the treasury, and redeveloped his corps with the money. And he died of illness while he was advancing to the hateful Sasanian Empire ...
The next emperor was Probus , the commander-in-chief of the East, who can be said to be the right arm of Emperor Aurelian. Met.
I wish I had done that from the beginning ... Aside from that, Probus began to adopt an assimilation policy in the response of the Germanic people. He thought that no matter how much he conquered, he wouldn't have a chance to live in Roman territory. This worked. This is how the Germanic migration began, which was the reason why Rome was able to spend a relatively peaceful next generation after the military emperor, and at the same time it was the cause of the destruction of Rome.
Probus is a very talented commander, with self-proclaimed emperors appearing one after another during this period, 30-person emperor era . It is said that the time has come, but it has been overwhelmed by Probus.
Probus began his march towards Persia to relieve his emperor's remorse, but died as a promise of this era. An assassination by his soldiers.
Callus, Numerian, Carinus, and to a new era
The next emperor was Secretary of the Guard Callus Will be. I think the secretary of the guards who couldn't prevent the assassination of the emperor ... but he couldn't afford to say that.
Karus shows an activity that greatly defeats the Sasanian Persia, but unfortunately he dies in a lightning strike.
After that, his son Numerian and Carinus However, Emperor Numerian is assassinated by someone.
And in 284 AD, Emperor Carinus was also assassinated.
The assassination of Emperor Carinus leaves Rome through a period of darkness.
The blood-washing military emperor's era is over, and at the same time the breath of the Roman republic is completely breathless.
The Roman emperor is no longer the first citizen of Rome, Princeps.
The times wanted the appearance of a strong hero with new charisma.
In response to that voice, the next generation will introduce a hero to Rome.
The Principate is over, and Rome is entering an era of tyranny, led by a powerful charisma.
The birth of the new Roman Empire.
Rome is revived, many times!