Today in this article we are going to give you detailed information about Sculpture, Painting, Music and Dance – Indian History.
Sculpture, Painting, Music and Dance – Indian History
Art &Architecture – Architecture &Sculpture
The earliest evidence of architecture comes from the Indus Valley Civilization. Town planning, bathing, Angara etc. are the main examples of this. In the Sandhav civilization, the art of sculpture-making is also seen in a very advanced stage.
The bronze statue of a dead dancer found from Mohenjodaro is a unique specimen of Sendhav art. The best example of the Maurya period is the monolithic pillar built by Ashoka.
The brightness of the colors of Mauryan folk art is seen in the sculpture of Yakshini, a style of Besnagar and Prakham (Mathura) Yaksha. The first example of state art is the Raj Prasad of Chandragupta Maurya. In the Maurya period itself, a new style of rock-cutting caves started.
Satish is an important contribution of Mauryan architecture. Many stupas were built in Ashoka. The Simha Shirsha Pillar at Sarnath, in which four lions are sitting on the back, a round is made at the bottom. It has been made by the Government of India for the good of the state. The post-Mauryan period sculpture developed extensively and the creation of sculptures related to Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism started.
With the influence of the Greeks, a new style of sculpture, the Gandhara style was born. Gandhar Art in India BC Developed in the Paleolithic period in the middle of the first century. Many idols including Mercury were built in Gandhara style and Mathura style. Early Gupta temples were established on high platforms. The use of bricks started in the temples during the post Gupta period.
Pallava formed the basis of the South Dravidian style of architecture. The Sapta Pagoda was built during the Pallo period. Temples were built by cutting mountains by Chalu Kyun. Three major styles of temple construction were prevalent in India – Nagara, Dravida, and Besar rock. The bronze statue of Nataraja is world famous in the Chola era sculpture. The important feature of the architecture of the Sultanate period was that it used open space and used arches and domes in its expressions, built minarets.
Scientific arches have been used for the first time in Balban's tomb. In the field of strength, the salami method of Tughlaq century has special significance, under which he built walls. The marking of handwriting and geometric designs was prevalent in Muslim architecture because the depiction of living objects for decoration was prohibited, called Arab sheikh Chilli.
In the period of the Lodhis, there was a development of double architecture with octagonal tombs. Sharqi style, Malwa style, Gujarati style, Kashmiri style, Bengali style and Southern style were the main provincial styles of architecture.
Many Central Asian features, such as dome, high minaret, arch etc., were used more and more by the Mughal rulers. During the reign of Akbar, Humayun's tomb has been built on the basis of Persian craftsmanship. Many temples were built in Happi under the Vijayanagara period of art.
General information about the economy
painting
In Vatsayana's Kamasutra, painting has been given the fourth place out of 64 arts. Ancient Paintings of Ajanta Caves BC Aslam Sabri's. The earliest evidence of painting has been received from the stone age site Bhimbetka. The emergence and development of Jain style took place between 7th century and 12th century, the world's first evidence is found from the cave of Sittanvasal.
Apabhramsa style paintings were created in the 11th century on palm leaves, cloth and paper. The credit for bringing the Gujarati style to light goes to Anand Kumar Swami. The main center of the lid style was Bijapur, which was patronized by Adil Shah and Ibrahim, the original of Bijapur.
The Mughal painting style was a fusion of Indian and fast painting arts. The painting style had reached its zenith during the period of Jahangir. The Kishangarh style of Rajasthan is famous for its makeup paintings. At the beginning of the twentieth century, a new revolution took place in the field of painting under the chairmanship of Avanindra Nath Tagore, which is called the Navya Art Movement.
The most notable among journalists is Raja Ravi Varma, who popularized old paintings. The caves of Ajanta, Ellora, Bagh, Elephanta, Badami, Bhimteka, Adamgarh etc. being prominent in ancient Indian painting.
music
The Samaveda is considered to be the oldest book of music. Among the impure singing texts of the modern context, the Ragatarangini of the Lochan poet and the music of Sarangdev are the Adi texts of Ratnakar music. Presently Indian music is divided into two major categories – Hindustani and Carnatic. In the Hindustani system, the Varkt stage of the vowel is usually considered before the pure vowel, while in the Carnatic style, the police are considered to be preceded by more.
The classification of stars in the Carnatic Chali is more scientific than in the Hindustani style. Raga is a disciplined presentation of swaras. In the history of Indian music, the night is mentioned for the first time in Matangmuni's treatise Brihadeshi. Dhurpad - is the oldest song form of India, which was propagated in North India in the 15th and 16th century. Khyal Khabar is the dominant singing style.
The famous Sufi saint Amir Khusrau is considered the father of Khayal. Thumri singing style became very popular in the 19th century during the time of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah.
Tarana is a Cancer natural raga. This style was started by Amir Khusrau.
Mirza Ghalib is considered the father of Ghazals.
Caitanya Mahaprabhu made Kirtan very popular.
dance
Dance probably originated in prehistoric times. The oldest book on Indian dance is Natyashastra, written by Bharata Muni.
Prominent Indian Classical Dance
Sangeet Natak Akademi Government of India has recognized 8 girls in the form of classical dance.
Bharatnatyam
The Devadasis of South India performed Bharatanatyam every day. It is believed to be related to the Natyashastra of Bharatmuni. This dance developed mainly in Tamil Nadu. In this dance style, there are rules for moving hands, feet, free and body. Mridgam, Ghatam, Sarangi, Bansuri and Manjira are the main instruments sung during Smriti.
Manipuri
It is a dance form of the Manipuri state. It is a religious dance, which is performed to get the blessings of God. It is not stimulating. The dancers wear colorful clothes. The drum is very important in this. Rasleela of Radha-teaching is organized in this dance form. Rabindranath Tagore has played an important role in popularizing it.
Kathak
The word Kathak is derived from and, which means - story. The origin and development of this dance form is believed to be from the Rasleela of Brajbhoomi. The main feature of this dance is the sudden mittal movement after locomotion, circling and rotating the body in a square shape. It includes Dhrupad, Tarana, Thumri and Ghazals.
Kathakali
It is a very sophisticated and defined dance form of Kerala. Emotions and gestures are very important in this dance. The theme of this dance is taken from Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Hindu mythology. In this, masks are used to show different forms of gods and demons.
Odissi Dance
It is a classical dance form of Orissa. In Italy, the dancer exhibits gestures similar to the idol. It is believed to be based on the Natya Shastra of Bharat Muni.
Kuchipudi
It is a dance form of Andhra Pradesh. Kiss originated in a village called Kuchelapuram in Andhra Pradesh. It also includes rhythm and tandava dance. Its speed is fast and style free. This is mainly a view of men.
Mohiniyattam
It is a classical dance form of Kerala, which is a popular solo dance form of the Devadasi tradition. The first mention of it comes from the 23rd century Vyachamala composed by Majhamangalam Narayana Namboobatri. It shows similarities with Bharatanatyam and Kathakali.
session
This is a classical dance form of Assam, the source of rendering it is the famous Vaishnava saint of Assam Sankardev.
Dancer\dancer associated with Indian classical dances
Bharatnatyam
Arundel, Yamini Krishnamurthy, Rukmani Devi, SK Saroj, T Bala Saraswati, Sonal Mansingh, E. Krishna Iyer, Ram Gopal, Leela Samson, Padma Subrahyam, Sapan Sundari, Mrinalini Sarabhai, Vyjayanthi Mala Bali, Komal Varadana.
Kathakali
Valtol Narayan Menon, Ram Gopal, Mrinalini Sarabhai, Shantaram, Anand Sivaraman, Krishna Kutty, Kathak Lachhu Maharaj, Achan Maharaj, Sukhdev Maharaj, Shambhu Maharaj, Mar, Jayalal, Damayanti Joshi, Sitara Devi, Chandralekha, Bharti Gupta, Shobhana Narayan, Malvika Sarkar, Gopikrishna Birju Maharaj etc.
Kuchipudi
Vanasthan Satyanarayan, Yamini Krishnamurthy, Radha Ready Lakshmi Narayan Sastri, Sapan Sundari, Raja Ready etc.,
ODC
Indrani Rahman, Kali Chandra, Kalicharan, Patnaik, Samyukta Panigrahi, Madhavi Mudgal etc.
Manipuri
Rita Devi, Savita Mehta, Thambal Yama, Singh Jeet Singh, Jhaveri Sisters, Kalavati Devi, Nirmala Mehta, Bimba Vati Devi etc.
Mohiniyattam
Tara Nidigadi, Takamani, Kalyani Amma, Bharathi Shivaji, Sridevi, Ragini Devi. etc.
Theatrical Art
The development of theatrical art first took place in India itself. Interests in the development of drama are found in certain areas of the Rigveda. Bharatmuni composed the Natyashastra and gave it a classical form. Greek influences also took place on Indian theater art, for example the use of the word Yavanika for curtains.
Bengal came first under the influence of western theatre. Puppet play is a game of very ancient drama. The puppets of Rajasthan are very famous.
The medium of puppets was first started in Uttar Pradesh.