Today's theme is the Edo Shogunate vs. Choshu Domain, including Aizu and Satsuma, which happened in Kyoto on August 20, 1864, which you know if you like the end of the Edo period .
Kinmon Incident I would like to write about.
I would like to say that, but since I wrote the details in the article about the Kinmon Incident and the First Choshu Expedition, I changed my mind a little and including the viewpoints of Emperor Komei and the imperial court at that time. I will look at the case. By seeing the state of the imperial court, you can see what the Kinmon Incident is like.
The standing position of the Choshu clan at the end of the Edo period
1861 A great man named Metsuke of the Choshu clan (a talented person was selected)
The imperial court and the shogunate should cooperate in the national policy to strengthen their armaments before expanding overseas
By advocating the idea, the clan's way of thinking is Kobu Gattai . It tilts to.
It was Shinsaku Takasugi who waited there. I'm from Shokasonjuku.
Let's destroy the trade treaty and subdue foreigners
It is a radical idea.
The idea was completely divided into two, and the clan needed to prevent division. And the decision made by the Choshu clan at that time was to seppuku the basis weight that proposed the Kobu Gattai.
Taking this opportunity, the Choshu clan is accompanied by the use of force reverence movement We will start.
The state of the imperial court at that time
The time goes back to 1858. A "treaty" is signed between Japan and the United States.
Japan-US Treaty of Amity and Commerce is.
Many opposed the conclusion of this treaty.
Originally in the Edo period, it was already Kinchu narabini Kuge Shohatto at the beginning. Called
The emperor and the officials should not interfere with politics
The law, the so-called Kinchu narabini Kuge Shohatto Although it was stipulated, the Shogunate itself broke this rule when concluding a treaty between Japan and the United States.
After all, the big pinch since the beginning of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
Far from the beginning of the Tokugawa Shogunate, the crisis that the national polity may be changed by force may have to go back to the Mongol invasion.
Some people on the shogunate side felt the danger of doing things without hearing from other daimyo and the imperial court in this emergency. This is because the trust of the Shogunate was already being shaken by the famine and reforms before Perry's arrival.
Under such circumstances, we ask the daimyo for his opinion and the emperor for his royal charter.
For the clan who is familiar with foreign affairs, " Opening of the country is unavoidable There was an opinion, but the majority of the clan who did not do so was against it. After all, the shogunate holds the information of other countries exclusively and does not inform the feudal lords, so it may be natural.
The same applies to the imperial court where foreign affairs were restricted. Emperor Komei Also one of the opponents. ( And he had a very hard will ). In the end, unlike the shogunate's expectations, I couldn't get a royal charter.
Even so, among the shogunate who had acquired the Opium War between the great power Qing and the British Empire and various other foreign circumstances, those who are called senior vassals are
Joi is ridiculous!
The idea. The first is Naosuke Ii is.
Naosuke Ii As you know, Japan-US Treaty of Amity and Commerce Ignore the will of Emperor Komei and conclude.
Naosuke Ii executed the Ansei Purge as the Shogun's battle for succession was involved.
The result of repulsion to that event was the Sakuradamon Incident by the Mito clan's revered sect. Assassination of Naosuke Ii is.
Kinchu narabini Kuge Shohatto It was also an event that made the emperor's influence both inside and outside the country even if it was set.
Then it will come out
Isn't it possible to get to the jōi well if the imperial court is on your side?
The idea is to say. Of course
Let's survive in cooperation with the shogunate and the imperial court in preparation for the national crisis
Some people think of the Kobu Gattai.
Let's get rid of it after defeating it!
Some people think that. The first of the latter is Choshu Clan was.
Emperor of the time, Emperor Komei Hmm ... I had the idea of cooperating to survive the national crisis, though I was afraid. However, the inside of the imperial court is not a monolith either. The trouble is that there were several lords who were on the side of the Choshu clan in a position close to the emperor so that they could forge the royal command (the life of the emperor).
Political change and Ikedaya incident on August 18, 1863
It was the Satsuma Domain (Kobu Gattai) who was hostile to Choshu and the Aizu Domain who was in the Kyoto Shugoshoku position when they noticed the above situation. After asking the two clan for security, we will prohibit the participation of the radical faction of Sonno Joi and the lord who is close to the radical faction.
This is the political change on August 18 It is called.
They moved to carry out the jōi according to His Majesty's will
It was a bad ending for the radicals of the Choshu clan and the lords of the surrounding area. In the imperial court, the Kobu Gattai faction will take the lead, but the political situation in Kyoto, where the Choshu clan has disappeared, remains lackluster. A collegial meeting was launched at the end of 1863, but it wasn't working well due to disagreements.
Little by little from the revered sect
I want Choshu to be able to return to the political situation in Kyoto
Begins to be whispered.
The Choshu clan was watching such a situation. Opinions are divided between those who try to regain their position in Kyo and those who try to move cautiously at the right time.
Among them, especially the radicals in Choshu who are thinking of moving immediately
Set fire to Kyo and take advantage of the turmoil The imperial Nakagawamiya is imprisoned , General guardian Yoshinobu Hitotsubashi , Assassinate Matsudaira Katamori , the lord of the Aizu domain and the guardian of Kyoto Let's
I was trying to discuss the plan. The Shinsengumi, who had been informed that the meeting was on July 8, 1864, attacked the Ronin of the Choshu clan. This event is famous
Ikedaya Incident is.
* I'm currently an izakaya
By the way, Nakagawamiya is a person who was greatly involved in the political change on August 18. Matsudaira Katamori is the general manager of the Shinsengumi who was responsible for maintaining security in Kyoto. Moreover, these three people are also the ones who were at the center of the Kobu Gattai faction.
* The theory that Emperor Komei was abducted at Ikedaya is fairly common, but I personally think that the plan is unreasonable, so I dare to mention only the assassination of the Kobu Gattai faction.
Due to this incident, the Choshu clan lost many talents and was hit hard. At the same time, the incident was so shocking that the opinions of the clan changed to a tough one. Kinmon Incident in the form of being dragged by this hardliner It has evolved into.
The result of the Kinmon Incident
The battle broke out with Yoshinobu Hitotsubashi on the Edo Shogunate side and Mototake Fukuhara as the general general of the Choshu clan. Although this battle ended in one day after the victory of the Edo Shogunate, an urban warfare took place in Kyoto and about 30,000 houses disappeared.
Choshu throws a cannon in the middle of the battle. Kinmon Incident by firing at the Imperial Palace (Kinmon) It will be recognized as a morning enemy on the occasion. In addition, he lost the leaders of the Joi faction and many ronin who followed them, and greatly retreated the power.
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On the other hand, the change on the Shogunate side is Yoshinobu Hitotsubashi, Aizu Clan, Kuwana Clan who played a major role in this battle. Became responsible for the political situation in Kyoto.
By the way, did you notice that a clan is missing? yes. This is the Satsuma Domain.
Why Political change on August 18 But Kinmon Incident But the Satsuma domain was supposed to have participated, but couldn't it be in the center of the political affairs?
Last but not least, I would like to talk about the circumstances in which the Satsuma Domain was not involved in the political situation in Kyoto.
What is the situation of the Satsuma Domain? ??
The picture above is a nishiki-e of the Namamugi Incident that occurred in 1862.
The Namamugi Incident is the murder of an English merchant who crossed the Daimyo procession. The post-processing of the Namamugi Incident became a diplomatic problem, and the following year, the Satsuei War It will start.
This war brings one conclusion to Satsuma. What is the conclusion?
(Now) Joi is difficult something like. This recognition was instilled in many Satsuma Domains, including Hisamitsu.
In addition, the Satsuma domain created a soil close to Britain in a way that the Satsuma domain recognized each other as a result of the Satsuma War.
At the same time, Hisamitsu Shimazu proposed a new political system as one of the consequences of the Kobu Gattai, and the San'yo Kaigi was established.
* The above story is also written in the reform of Bunkyu by Hisamitsu Shimazu and the political change on August 18, so please check it if you like.
Then, the Choshu clan bombarded the Satsuma clan's trading ship. Satsuma's relationship is decisively worse.
Yoshinobu wants to give top priority to negotiations with foreign countries, and Hisamitsu wants to give priority to the punishment of the Choshu clan because of the actual damage. The participation meeting is not organized.
Moreover, from the perspective of Yoshinobu and the Shogunate, the Satsuma domain was very wealthy, and the feudal lord was a very sharp person (as can be seen from the proposal of the San'yo Kaigi and the political change on August 18), and he was a domain to watch out for. It may have been decided that it would be better to keep it away from the political situation as much as possible.
In the San'yo Kaigi
Joi is (Later) but open country By revealing Hisamitsu's position, he lost the trust of Emperor Komei, who insisted that there was no opening of the country in the Gorigori Joi faction.
Yoshinobu Hitotsubashi was an open-minded sect and had a similar idea, but he exchanged well and won the trust of Emperor Komei. From such a background, the Satsuma domain lost the opportunity to be involved in the political situation in Kyoto.