Millions of years ago, several humans of different origins occupied the Nile Valley. With the domestication of animals and the cultivation of plants, these groups settled and formed villages.
Based on common interests, the villages were joined into independent administrative units called nomos. Each nome was ruled by a single chief, the nomarch who combined the functions of military leader, judge and king.
The nomos, being independent, often got together and did important tasks such as; build dams, dams, etc.
The nomos began to fight each other, because as the population grew, they fought wars to see who would take possession of the most fertile lands. At the end of these centuries-old conflicts, the victors imposed their rule on the vanquished, and this process resulted in the formation of two kingdoms:
-Lower Egypt, in the Nile Delta.
-The Upper Nile, in the Nile Valley.
In 3200 BC the King of Upper Egypt conquered Lower Egypt, unifying the two kingdoms. Thus becoming the first pharaoh and founder of the first Egyptian dynasty.