Consider mercy as your mosque, goodness and sincerity as your means of prayer, whatever is just and just, that is your Qur'an. Take humility as your Sunnah, take courtesy as your fast, thus you will become a Muslim.
-Guru Nanak
Guru Nanak
First Guru of Sikhs 'Nanak Dev' He was the founder of Sikh religion. He was born in AD 1469 in Talwandi village of undivided Punjab. Nanak Dev 'Gurmat' He discovered and spread the teachings of Gurmat himself by going from country to country. Guru Nanak was monotheistic and formless and did not believe in caste-system, incarnation and idol-worship.
His Teachings 'Adi Granth' are found in. Guru Nanak also went to Baghdad where he was given a great welcome. He also has a temple in Baghdad in which there is an inscription in Turkish language. The successors of the Sayyid-dynasty disciples of Guru Nanak still guard that temple. Guru Nanak's dress and lifestyle were similar to that of Sufis. Guru Nanak and Sheikh Farid had a close friendship.
Some scholars speculate that the influence of Islam on Guru Nanak was greater. Both Hindus and Muslims accepted the discipleship of Guru Nanak. Guru Nanak did not believe in caste and therefore his followers included people of all castes. Among his disciples, there was a plurality of poor and neglected people of the society. 'Sikh' to his followers was called This 'disciple' The word was translated into Punjabi language.
Establishment of Sikhism
Guru Nanak's Panth 'Sikhism' Known by the name of Nanak himself did not want to establish a new religion. There was no existence of Sikhism during his life time. After the death of Guru Nanak in AD 1538, his followers and disciples started doing 'Sikh religion' established.
Darshan of Guru Nanak
Guru Nanak's philosophy is based on Indian Vedanta philosophy and in it 'Tasawwuf' also have symptoms. The four parts of the worship of Guru Nanak - Saran Khand, Gyan Khand, Karam Khand and Sach Khand; The four positions of the Sufis are derived from Shariat, Marfat, Uqba and Lahut. The doctrine of Guru Nanak was based on the form of Vedanta which was presented by Tantra and accepted by almost all the sects of the medieval period.
He 'Ek-Omkar' or 'Famine Man' considered the ultimate truth. Akal Purush 'Purush' and 'Nature' created and exercised his command. Prakriti, maya, attachment, guna, deities, demons and the whole world are made of him. Therefore the whole nature and the whole world is truth. All its work is done by ego, but to accept everything as personal ego is the root of sin.
Therefore man should by his actions remove this individual ego from his mind and imbibe the totality of the universe, which is the manifestation of the immortal person. Guru Nanak says- 'Mind is paper and our deeds are ink, virtue and sin are written on it. We have to increase the article of virtue written on the paper of mind with the ink of our karma and erase the article of sin. Guru's help is necessary for this.'
The main teaching of Guru Nanak was that God is Truth and One, He has created all. Hindus and Muslims are all children of one God and are equal for God. Man should do good deeds so that he does not have to be ashamed in the court of God. After Guru Nanak, nine other Gurus also preached Gurmat.
People of different castes living in Punjab took initiation from Sikh Gurus. Nanak said that one can attain salvation by living in the world and leading a beautiful householder's life. According to Sikhism man should lead a simple and renunciation life.
Mohsin Fani has written- 'There is no such rule in the Sikhs that a Brahmin should not be a disciple of Khatri, Nanak himself was a Khatri. Not only this, he has also given the Khatris a lower rank than the Jatts, who are considered the smallest among the Vaishyas.'
Guru's Sikhs do farming, jobs, trade or handicrafts and according to their power 'Masand' That is, 'eye' to the representative of the Guru. That is, to give gifts. He 'Naam Japan Ate Wand Ke Chhakan' They consider it to be their special rule.
Guru Nanak's opinion regarding Hindus was- 'None of the Hindus does not believe in Vedas and Shastras, but is engaged in bragging about himself. Their ears and hearts have always been filled with the religious teachings of the Turks. These people are hurting everyone by blaming each other near Muslim employees. They think that just by putting up a square for the kitchen will make us pure.'
Targeting Hindu employees who collect taxes for Muslim rule, Guru Nanak has said- 'You levy taxes on cows and Brahmins and wear things like dhoti, tika and garland. You do worship at your home and maintain relations with the Turks by quoting the Quran outside. Why don't they give up this hypocrisy?'
In the above lines there is criticism of Hindus, but there is also a desire to reform Hindu religion. The entire history of Sikhism has been filled with this yearning for Hindutva.
Guru Nanak targeted the Muslims and said- 'You should consider kindness as your mosque, consider goodness and sincerity as the door of your prayers, whatever is just and just, that is your Quran. Take humility as your Sunnah, take courtesy as your fast, and thus you will become a Muslim.'
Explaining the five prayers, he said- 'The first prayer is truth, the second is justice, the third is mercy, the fourth is noble intention and the fifth is the worship of Allah. Guru Nanak was deeply troubled by the violence committed by the Muslims. During his time a large number of Hindus were massacred. Babur wrote his autobiography 'Tuzuke Babri' I have described this massacre. He built the towers of the heads of the Hindus.
Many such incidents are written in Baburnama. There are mentions of violent wars between Sikhs and Muslims in 16th century Sikh texts. Guru Nanak Dev was an eyewitness to the massacre of Hindus during Babur's reign. Distressed by the atrocities committed on Hindus, he wrote while addressing the divine- 'Aiti maar pai kurlane, tain ki dard nahi aaya? '
Philosophical beliefs of Sikhism
Goal of Sikhism
The ultimate goal of Sikhism is the welfare of mankind. Guru Nanak believed that due to the external pomp of religion, differences arise between people and they are misled. He exhorted human beings to forget all kinds of discrimination and do their work with honesty and good intention. This was the reason that he himself did not run a separate religion.
Representation of the God Principle in Sikhism
Beginning of Sikhmat 'Ek' originates from. 'One' in Sikh scriptures That's the explanation. 'the one' He is known by the qualities of Nirankar, Parabrahma etc. 'Nirankar' at the beginning of Guru Granth Sahib The form of which is described as 'Mool Mantra' It is also said- 'Ek Omkar, Satinamu, Kartapurkhu, Nirbhao, Nirvairu, Akalmurta, Ajuni, Svaibhanga Gur Parsadi. Japu. Adi sachu jugaadi true hai bhi sachu nanak hosi bhi true.'
Thus Sikhism is monotheistic and calls God Ek-Omkar. Guru Nanak believed that God 'Akal Purush' and 'Nirankar' Is. Akal Purush means one who is not affected by time. He is neither born nor does he die.
Nirankar means nirguna-formless, that is, one who has no shape or form. Therefore an idol or picture of God cannot be made. According to Guru Arjun Dev- 'God is pervasive, as fire is contained in all vegetation and ghee is contained in milk. In the same way, the light of God pervades all high and low, God pervades every event.
Representation of the Jiva-atma element in Sikhism
In the basic teachings of Sikhism, information has been given about the incorporeal form of the soul, mind (soul), chit (paramatma), surat, budhi, mati, etc. By understanding their activities man can understand himself. In Sikhism it is called 'atmchintan' says.
The soul which is formless, has only 4 qualities of Nirankar- 'Omkar, Satinam, Karta Purakh, Svaibhang.' On attaining the remaining four gunas, the soul-soul again merges back into Nirankar, but to achieve that, it is necessary to understand the soul-soul through the knowledge of Gurmat. What is soul? Where did it come from? Why does it exist? What to do? What are the disorders of the soul? How can the soul be free from vice? The soul itself is a part of the formless. On attaining the knowledge of the soul, the knowledge of the formless becomes. A lot of thought has been given in Sikhism on subjects like this.
Belief in the attainment of four substances
'four 'matter' humans in their life Required to receive-
(1.) Knowledge Matter: The substance of knowledge or the substance of love is obtained by taking knowledge from someone. By reading or understanding the knowledge of Gurmat. Devotees give these things. In this, by staying in Maya, you have the knowledge to be free from Maya. The goal of this substance is to renounce all vices and to attain Nirankar.
(2.) Free Substance: The liberated matter is obtained only after the attainment of the substance of knowledge. When the thirst for Maya ends, the mind and the mind become one. The soul worships only the name. This is called living free.
(3.) Name Substance: Naam is the incorporeal knowledge obtained through worship. This is called 'Dhur Ki Bani' also say. It is heard without ears and is revealed in the heart. The name itself lives up to it. opens eyes. One gets the knowledge of 3 worlds- 'Nanak Naam Mile Tam Jiwan.'
(4.) Birth material: This is an incorporeal birth. It is only in the body, but Surat is associated with the word. There is no love for the body. Happiness does not accept anything, sin and virtue do not accept anything. Just Joe 'Spades' It happens he does - everything is inside, don't dictate outside.
Sikhism's belief in relation to Gurus
Guru is the servant of God who comes from time to time to guide man but he is not God at all. Only Humans 'Guru' No, scriptures and words are also 'Guru' Is. That is why by having faith in the Gurus and following their scriptures, the soul of man is reduced to 'Akal Purush' may coincide, which is the ultimate goal of life.
Do not believe in the words of Brahmins
Guru Nanak did not believe in the words of Brahmins. It is said in a verse of Guru Nanak in the Guru Granth Sahib - 'Pandits read books but do not understand the idea. They preach to others, through this their spiritual business runs. Their statement is false, they keep wandering in the world. They have no idea of the essence of couplet. Pandits remain in debate.'
Pandit Vachhi Pothiya Na Boojhi Beecharu.
Aan ko matti de chalihi maiya ka bamaru.
Kahani false jagu bhavai rahani sabhu sabdu su saru. -Adi Granth, p. 55
Do not believe in the principle of fruit of action
Sikhism does not believe in the principle of Karma-Falam. According to Sikhism man cannot do anything by himself. Man is limited only by thinking. He does what 'dictates' I am in, whether he is giving charity to a poor, whether he is killing someone - 'Hukme is inside, do not dictate outside. '
Do not believe in sin-virtue
That is why sin is not considered in Gurmat- 'Sap Punya Dou Ek Samaan.' If a person performs any action, he should do it by mixing voice with the inner soul. This is the reason that Gurmat is against rituals. Criticizing the malpractices, superstitions, stereotypes and hypocrisies prevalent in the Indian society of his time, Guru Nanak Dev advised the common man not to get caught in the clutches of pandas and pirs.
Do not believe in the four Purusharthas
Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha were not taken into four substances. Guru Gobind Singh says-
Parveen in the greed of knowledge,
How to get under the wish of God.
Do not believe in idol worship
Devotees and Sadgurus in Sikhism have given their 'Ek-Nirankar' to 'Shapeless' Said. Because worldly things perish but the Supreme Brahman never dies. That's why he was called 'Famine' Having said. 'Jiva-soul' is also shapeless and is bound for some time with this body. It exists even without a body, which is beyond the intellect of an ordinary man. For this reason Sikhism is against idol-worship. Sikh gurus have called idol worshipers blind and animals etc.
The picture of the incorporeal God cannot be made. Worshiping any worldly object such as graves, historical objects of devotees and Sadgurus, idols etc. is against the basic principles of the Sikhs. The knowledge of a religious text which leads to a lawless country, the Sikhs bow before it, but the worship of religious texts is also against the basic principles of the Sikhs because they are also worldly objects.
Do not believe in Avatarism and Prophetism
In Sikhism every living being is called an incarnation. Every living being 'Ek-Nirankar' का अंश है इसलिए पशु, पक्षी, वृक्ष इत्यादि भी अवतार हैं। मनुष्य योनि में जीव अपना ज्ञान पूरा करने के लिए अवतरित हुआ है। सिक्ख धर्म में व्यक्ति की पूजा नहीं होती- ‘मानुख कि टेक बिरथी सब जानत, देने को एके भगवान।’ कोई भी अवतार एक निरंकार की शर्त पर पूरा नहीं उतरता क्योंकि सबने जन्म लिया है।
सिक्ख किसी अवतार को परमेश्वर नहीं मानते। यदि कोई अवतार गुरमत का उपदेश करता है तो सिक्ख उस उपदेश को स्वीकार कर लेते हैं। श्रीकृष्ण ने गीता में कहा है कि आत्मा मरती नहीं, इस बात से सिक्ख-मत सहमत है किंतु सिक्ख-मत श्रीकृष्ण द्वारा दिए गए ‘कर्म’ के उपदेश से सहमत नहीं है।
सिक्ख-मत की दृष्टि में पैग़म्बर वह है जो निरंकार का सन्देश अथवा ज्ञान जनसाधारण में बांटे। इस्लाम में कहा गया है कि मुहम्मद आखरी पैगम्बर हैं, सिक्खों में कहा गया है कि ‘हर जुग जुग भक्त उपाया।’ अर्थात्् भक्त हर युग में पैदा होते हैं और ‘एक-निरंकार’ का सन्देश लोगों तक पहुँचाते हैं।
सिक्खमत ‘ला इलाहा इल्ल अल्लाह (अल्लाह् के सिवा और कोई परमेश्वर नहीं है) से सहमत है, वे इससे भी सहमत हैं कि मुहम्मद रसूल अल्लाह हैं किन्तु वे इस बात से सहमत नहीं हैं कि सिर्फ़ मुहम्मद ही रसूल अल्लाह है। अर्जुन देव जी कहते हैं- ‘धुर की बानी आई, तिन सगली चिंत मिटाई।’ अर्थात मुझे धुर से वाणी आई है और मेरी समस्त चिंताएं मिट गई हैं।