Exercises on Medieval Philosophy

(Puccamp) Preparing her book on Emperor Hadrian, Marguerite Yourcenar found in a letter from Flaubert this sentence:"When the gods had ceased to exist and Christ had not yet come, there was a unique moment in history, between Cicero and Marcus Aurelius, in which man was left alone". The pagan gods never ceased to exist, even with the Christian triumph, and Rome was not the world, but in the brief moment of solitude caught by Flaubert, Western man found himself free from metaphysics - and he didn't like it, of course. Who wants to be alone in a world that does not dominate and barely understands, without the support and consolation of a theology, any theology? (Luiz Fernando Veríssimo. Banquet with the Gods)

The understanding of the world through religion is a disposition that translates medieval thought, whose assumption is

a) Anthropocentrism:the appreciation of man as the center of the Universe and the belief in the divine character of human nature.

b) scholasticism:the search for salvation through the knowledge of classical philosophy and the assimilation of paganism.

c) pantheism:the defense of the harmonious coexistence of faith and reason, since the Universe, infinite, is part of the divine substance.

d) positivism:submission of man to dogmas instituted by the Church and not questioning divine laws.

e) theocentrism:a predominant conception in medieval intellectual and artistic production, which considers God the center of the Universe.

(Faap) Plato's doctrine influenced the first medieval philosophers, Saint Augustine, bishop of Hippo (354 to 430) and Boethius (480 to 524), authors of "Confessions" and "Consolation of Philosophy", respectively. But the Philosophy that prevailed in the Middle Ages was the:

a) Sophistry

b) Epicurean

c) Scholastic

d) Existentialist

e) Phenomenological

Among the works of the scholastic philosopher St. creation of the world and of man to discussions of virtues, ethics and politics, is:

a) Summa Against the Gentiles.

b) Logical-Philosophical Tractatus.

c) Critique of Pure Reason

d) Summa Theologica

e) The City of God

St. Augustine of Hippo (African city) was the most important philosopher of the High Middle Ages. In addition to being a philosopher and theologian, Augustine also exercised an ecclesiastical role in the aforementioned city. What function was that?

a) Consul

b) Cardinal

c) Bishop

d) Pastor

e) Delegate

Letter E

The theocentric conception of the universe was conceived from a gradual and thorough articulation of ancient philosophical and scientific thoughts and traditions, especially Greek, with the theological and philosophical structure of Christianity. Aristotle's metaphysics and physics, combined with the thought of Saint Thomas Aquinas in the twelfth century, produced a monumental interpretation of the creation and functioning of the cosmos that would only be challenged from the sixteenth century onwards.

Letter C

Scholastic philosophy, developed from the twelfth century onwards, is the most complete and complex of medieval philosophical currents. Its main exponent was Saint Thomas Aquinas, who combined the Christian theological tradition with the philosophy of Aristotle.

Letter D

St. Thomas Aquinas' best-known work is the Summa Theologica, although the Summa Contra Gentiles was also widespread. The Summa Theologica contains discussions on all philosophical and theological issues discussed so far.

Letter C

In addition to being a theologian and philosopher, Augustine was Bishop of Hippo. He exercised, as a bishop, a long struggle against the heresies of his time, such as Pelagianism.