Exercises on the Counter-Reformation

(UnB) The Protestant Reformation broke with the existing Christian unity in Europe and gave rise to a religious reform in the Catholic Church, the so-called Counter-Reformation. In this regard, judge the items below.

a) The fight against profit and usury, bases of commercial and financial life that was dynamized at the end of the Middle Ages, showed the Roman Church's mismatch in relation to the transformations that occurred in society.

b) Luther's ideas focused on salvation by faith and the direct reading and personal interpretation of the Gospel, in addition to contesting the supremacy of the Church over the State.

c) Exalting work and thrift in human conduct, Calvino enshrined moral and political values ​​defended by the mercantile bourgeoisie.

d) The Counter-Reformation meant the attempt of the Catholic Church to reorganize itself on the basis of liberal principles:relaxation of the clerical hierarchy, and of papal authority, tolerance of heretics and abandonment of censorship.

The Catholic Church, motivated by the Protestant Reformation and by the clergy's own criticism of the spiritual degradation of Catholics, made the decision to gather the highest authorities of the Church in the city of Trento, Italy, to define a position regarding the Protestant Schism.

a) Characterize the Council of Trent.

b) Name five decisions established at the Council of Trent.

(FUVEST - SP) In 1571 the Catholic Church created the Congregation of the Index.

a) What was Index?

b) What are the historical implications of your institution?

(PUC - MG) Faced with the advance of Protestantism, Pope Paul III convokes the XVIII Ecumenical Council of the Catholic Church, meeting in Trent, Italy, from 1545, presenting as results, except:

a) the recognition of baptism and marriage as the only valid sacraments.

b) the institution of seminaries for the training of clerics.

c) the strengthening of pontifical authority through the infallibility of the Pope.

d) the adoption of Latin as the official liturgical language of the Catholic Church.

e) the determination of clerical celibacy and the fight against heretical movements.

Only the letter “d” is false. Watching the rise of new Churches, Catholic leaders decided to reaffirm all the fundamental bases of their faith, highlighting the power of command of the pope, the fight against publications that contradict the values ​​preached by the Church and the persecution of all Christians who were accused. of following some movement of a heretical nature.

GAME A :The Council of Trent was a meeting that brought together the most important leaders of the Catholic Church to discuss the measures to be taken in relation to the emergence of the Protestant movement. Through the decisions taken there, Catholic clerics sought to secure their faithful and determine measures that would promote the expansion of Catholicism throughout the world.

GUARANTEE B :Among other actions taken, we can highlight:the reaffirmation of papal infallibility, the maintenance of clerical celibacy, respect for the hierarchy that organized the Church, the maintenance of all the sacraments and the confirmation of transubstantiation.

GAME A :It consisted of a list of books that were forbidden to all practitioners of Catholicism. Among the well-known works on this list, we can highlight “Decameron” by Boccaccio, “Livro de la oración” by Friar Luís de Granada and “Praise of Madness” by Erasmus of Rotterdam.

GUARANTEE B :From a historical point of view, the imposition of the Index motivated the burning of several works in the public square, the persecution of people accused of reading prohibited works and the impediment to the dissemination of some books and authors.

Letter A. During the Council of Trent all liturgies related to Catholic Christianity were reaffirmed. In this way, baptism and marriage were validated along with all the other sacraments already performed by the religious authorities of Roman Catholicism.