Aurangzeb's father Shah Jahan died on 22 January 1666 at the Red Fort in Agra. Aurangzeb had been celebrating his accession in Delhi till now, but this time he decided to celebrate it in Agra. After the defeat of Bijapur, it became necessary for Jai Singh to find another way to please Aurangzeb. So he started pressurizing Shivaji to take him to Agra on the occasion of Aurangzeb's accession and took guarantee of his safety. After consultation with Jijabai, Shivaji decided to go to Agra with his 8-year-old son Sambhaji. On 5 March 1666, Shivaji left Raigad for Agra with his 200 selected bodyguards and a detachment of 4000 soldiers. One lakh rupees were given from the Mughal treasury for this visit and the Mughal subedars all over the country were ordered to welcome Shivaji from place to place on the way. When Shivaji was going to Agra after leaving Maharashtra, there was a competition among the Hindu public to see Shivaji. Many secrets and thrilling tales about him had become known to the public. Shivaji organized his party systematically to make the Hindu public see his purpose and power. In the front of Shivaji's party was an elephant on which an ocher colored flag was hoisted. Behind the elephant was a detachment of Shivaji's bodyguards who surrounded Shivaji's palanquin. Shivaji's grand palanquin was plated with gold and silver. Shivaji's soldiers lived around this bodyguard and in the end the remaining army moved. At every police station and place, the Mughal Thanedars, Subedars and government servants were present in the service of Shivaji. /P>
Jai Singh's son Ram Singh Kachhwaha wanted to present Shivaji to the emperor in the court of Mango, but at the time of entering Agra, it took a long time to welcome Shivaji, till then Aurangzeb got up from the court mango, went to the court and sat down. Asad Khan Bakshi presented Shivaji to the emperor there. The arrival of Shivaji to Agra by any means was a great victory for Aurangzeb. That crooked arrogant king knew a hundred ways to insult a Hindu king and he would not let any opportunity of wickedness pass by. Shivaji saw one thousand seals and two thousand rupees to the emperor and presented 5000 rupees as Nisar. His nine-year-old son Sambhaji saw Aurangzeb with five thousand seals and one thousand rupees and presented two thousand rupees as Nisar. Aurangzeb did not say a single word to Shivaji and Sambhaji, nor did he ask Shivaji's well-being. Bakshi took Shivaji and made him stand behind Maharaja Jaswant Singh in the line of five Hazari mansabdars. Shivaji was greatly hurt by this insult, he trembled due to anger and his eyes turned red. This was the same Jaswant Singh whom Shivaji had defeated many times. When Aurangzeb distributed Khalat to the chieftains, Shivaji refused to wear Khalat. On this Aurangzeb asked Ram Singh to inquire about Shivaji's health and persuade him to wear a khilat. When Ram Singh went to Shivaji, Shivaji shouted loudly and said – You and your father saw what kind of person I am, yet I was kept standing for so long by humiliating me. That's why I reject this bloom. When Ram Singh extended his hand towards Shivaji to pacify him, Shivaji shook his hand and, walking back towards Aurangzeb, sat down in a corner and started shouting loudly that my death is the only thing I have to do at this place. pulled.
Aurangzeb was horrified because of Shivaji getting such annoyance and reacting so harshly. He knew which man he had offended. Therefore, he signaled to some of his ministers that they should convince Shivaji and bring them before the emperor wearing a khilat. Those ministers made a lot of efforts but Shivaji refused to wear the Khalat and go before Aurangzeb. He kept shouting again and again that the king should kill me or else I will kill myself but will not go before the emperor again. I do not want to serve the Muslim king. Aurangzeb had lost the winning game due to his deceitful moves. Aurangzeb's ministers informed Aurangzeb that Shivaji would not agree. On this Aurangzeb asked Ram Singh to pacify Shivaji by taking him to his tent. Ram Singh went with Shivaji.
On the next day, Ram Singh, after persuading Shivaji, brought him to the court of Aurangzeb. Shivaji got upset on seeing Aurangzeb and left from there refusing to appear before him. Shivaji went to the house of Aurangzeb's vizier Jafar Khan and gave him valuable gifts and requested him to make arrangements for Shivaji's return from Agra. Zafar Khan's wife was Aurangzeb's aunt. He called Jafar Khan inside and said that immediately throw this person from here who had murdered Shaista Khan, the maternal uncle of Aurangzeb. Jafar Khan asked Shivaji to leave his house on the screaming of his wife.
On the other hand, the women of Aurangzeb's harem came to know about Shivaji insulting the emperor and visiting Jafar Khan's house and sent a message to the emperor that this rebellion should not be left without punishment. These women were led by Aurangzeb's sister Jahanara because the Sutar city which Shivaji had looted and burnt was in Jahanara's personal fiefdom. Shaista Khan's wife who was Aurangzeb's maternal aunt also wanted that Shivaji, who had come to his hand, should be executed. She too started crying. Tired of the cries of women, Aurangzeb instructed Shivaji and his son Sambhaji to be taken captive under the protection of Ram Singh. Now Shivaji was under the strict guard of Ram Singh. The women of Aurangzeb's harem wanted Shivaji to be killed because Shivaji had injured Shaista Khan and killed his son, but Aurangzeb did not want to hurry in this regard.
Shivaji made many efforts for his release but to no avail. In the end he sent three proposals to Aurangzeb-
1. May the king grant me clemency and return all my forts. In return, I will give two crore rupees to Aurangzeb and will always support the Mughals in the wars of the South.
2. May the king spare my life and allow me to live my life in Kashi as a sanyasi.
3. All my forts will be handed over to the emperor in exchange for the king allowing me to go home safely.
Aurangzeb refused to accept any of these things. Shivaji understood that he would be given the death penalty. So he sent another letter to the emperor asking that Shivaji's companions be allowed to return to Maharashtra from Agra. This proposal was supposed to simplify the work of the emperor, so it got immediate approval. Now Shivaji could easily be killed. When Shivaji's soldiers returned, Shivaji started distributing his elephants and horses, gold, silver, clothes etc. On the other hand, when Kachhwaha Raja Jai Singh, sitting on the south front, came to know about the events in Agra, he was worried about Shivaji's life. He wrote a letter to the emperor that Shivaji had come before you on my bail, so his life should not be taken.
Shivaji's escape from Agra
In the end, Aurangzeb proposed to Shivaji that he should go to Afghanistan and fight on the side of the Mughal army. The commander of that army was a wicked person named Radand Khan. Aurangzeb's plan was to get Shivaji killed at the hands of Radand Khan so that everyone would think it was an accident. Shivaji fell ill on hearing this proposal and started distributing fruits and sweets to the beggars and Brahmins every evening to seek their blessings. Every evening, Kahar would bring fruits and sweets in large bamboo baskets and Shivaji would touch them and send them out to donate. This went on for several days. Those baskets were scrutinized deeply. Slowly this investigation started getting lax.
On 17 August 1666, the emperor ordered that Shivaji and his son be removed from Ram Singh's protection and kept in the prison of a Muslim man. On the same day in the evening Shivaji and Sambhaji sat down in separate baskets of fruits. These baskets were picked up by his men and left the palace along with the baskets of fruits to be distributed to the Brahmins. Shivaji and Sambhaji, walking along the banks of Yamunaji, reached a deserted place. Here in the dark of night they crossed the river. According to a pre-determined plan, his men stood ready carrying horses. Shivaji and Sambhaji got on those horses and left for Mathura. On the other hand, a servant named Hiroji Farzand, wearing Shivaji's clothes, slept on Shivaji's bed. Shivaji's kada lying in his hand was shining from afar. So the guards remained under the illusion that this sick Shivaji was sleeping. In the morning, Hiroji told the guards that Shivaji was very ill, so no noise should be made outside. After a while he too ran away from the palace. No one could notice anything. In the afternoon, when the city Kotwal went to check Shivaji's room, he found out that Shivaji had fled.
The emperor was informed about Shivaji's escape. Information spread throughout Agra that Shivaji became invisible from the palace due to his magical power. Mughal soldiers and spies were everywhere but no person or guard saw him running. Shivaji was searched vigorously but by then 18 hours had passed and Shivaji had disappeared after reaching Mathur. Shivaji kept his son Sambhaji in the house of a Brahmin in Mathura and himself left for Gondwana region via Bundelkhand. When he was going from Gondwana to Karnataka, on the way a farmer was feeding some sadhus. Shivaji was also invited for a meal considering him as a sanyasi. When Shivaji was having food, suddenly the woman of that farmer started apologizing saying that there is nothing in her house, so sadhus are being served such simple food. Had the Marathas not robbed his family's wealth, we would have given good food to the sadhus. Shivaji was also sitting there having food. He felt immense pain on hearing this and was faced with a bitter truth.
Raigarh Arrival
On the twenty-fifth day after Ram Singh's departure, he appeared in the form of a sanyasi before his mother Jijabai at Rajgarh. He first invited the same peasant family to his palace. Gave him a lot of money and apologized to him for the loot done by the Marathas. Shivaji propagated in Raigad that Sambhaji had died on the way. Shivaji conducted all the rituals and rituals of Sambhaji in Rajgarh methodically so that the Mughals could be misled and they would not try to find Sambhaji. After a few days, the Brahmin family of Mathura themselves came to Raigad with the 8-year-old boy Sambhaji. The news of Shivaji and Sambhaji reaching Raigad safely spread throughout the country. His mystical powers became more widespread among the public. On his safe return, many parts of the country celebrated with joy and sweets were distributed.
Making Netaji Palkar a Muslim
Aurangzeb made a dangerous plan to remove Shivaji's annoyance and break Shivaji's morale. He wrote to Maharaja Jai Singh that he should send Shivaji's former companion Netaji Palkar to Delhi after taking him captive. Netaji Palkar was called the second Shivaji in Maharashtra and was in the service of Jai Singh at this time. On receiving the orders of Aurangzeb, Jaisingh sent Netaji Palkar to Delhi after taking him captive. Aurangzeb asked Palkar to either become a Muslim and serve the Mughal Empire or he should die. Netaji Palkar accepted to be a Muslim. Aurangzeb married a Muslim girl to Palkar and sent Palkar to Afghanistan war. Palkar fought for the Mughals for 8 years and continued to receive the blessings of Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb considered Jai Singh's son Ram Singh responsible for Shivaji's escape from Agra. Therefore, Ram Singh was refused to come to the court and his post was also taken away. Therefore, Maharaja Jai Singh sat in the south and waited for the next order of Aurangzeb. Shivaji remained completely calm during this. Eventually Aurangzeb removed Jai Singh from the south and ordered him to come to Agra and attend the court. Muazzam was again made the Subedar of the South and Maharaja Jaswant Singh was ordered to accompany Muazzam to the South. Diler Khan was also ordered to remain in the south. Jai Singh was badly hurt by this insult and he died on 28 August 1667 in Burhanpur itself before reaching Agra.
breach of treaty
After Sambhaji reached Raigad, Shivaji wrote a letter to Aurangzeb informing him that he was still loyal to the emperor and would continue to obey his orders in future. केवल अपने प्राणों के भय से बादशाह की आज्ञा प्राप्त किए बिना, अपने देश चला आया है। शिवाजी ने औरंगजेब को पत्र इसलिए लिखा था ताकि दक्षिण में शांति बनी रहे और जयसिंह फिर से आक्रमणकारी गतिविधियां आरम्भ न कर दे। औरंगजेब भी इस वास्तविकता को समझता था कि शिवाजी अब पूर्णतः स्वतंत्र था तथा जयसिंह के साथ की गई पूर्व की संधि का अब कोई अर्थ नहीं रह गया था। फिर भी उसने शिवाजी को एक बार पुनः आगरा आने का आदेश भिजवाया। 6 मई 1667 के पर्शियन न्यूजलैटर में लिखा है- ”बादशाह ने वजीरे आजम को हुक्म दिया कि शिवा के वकील को बुलाए, उसे आश्वस्त करे और दो महीने में लौटने की शर्त पर शिवा को सूचित करे कि हुजूरे अनवर ने उसके गुनाहों को माफ कर दिया है। उसके पुत्र सम्भाजी को 5000 का मनसब बहाल किया गया है। वह अपनी शक्ति के अनुसार बीजापुर का जितना इलाका छीन सकता है, छीन ले। अन्यथा अपने स्थान पर डटा रहे और बादशाह के बेटे का हुक्म माने।”
सम्भाजी की मुगल सेवा में हाजिरी
4 नवम्बर 1667 से सम्भाजी नियमित रूप से मुअज्जम के दरबार में हाजिरी देने लगा, उसे नागपुर के क्षेत्र में एक जागीर दी गई। सम्भाजी ने मुअज्जम से अच्छी दोस्ती कर ली। वे दोनों एक साथ शिकार पर जाने लगे तथा नृत्य एवं आमोद-प्रमोद के अवसर पर भी साथ रहने लगे।
औरंगजेब द्वारा शिवाजी को राजा की मान्यता
9 मार्च 1668 को मुअज्जम ने शिवाजी को पत्र लिखकर सूचित किया कि जहांपनाह ने राजा की उपाधि देकर जो कि आपकी उच्चतम अभिलाषा है, आपका सिर ऊंचा किया है। औरंगजेब द्वारा शिवाजी को स्वतंत्र राजा स्वीकार कर लिए जाने के बाद से शिवाजी की दक्षिण भारत की राजनीति में स्थिति बहुत बदल गई। बीजापुर एवं गोलकुण्डा के सुल्तान भी शिवाजी को स्वतंत्र शासक मानने लगे। अंग्रेज और फ्रांसिसी भी अब शिवाजी को लुटेरा या जागीरदार मानने की बजाय राजा मानकर उससे मित्रता पूर्ण व्यवहार करने लगे। मुअज्जम के माध्यम से सम्भाजी को पांच हजारी मनसब मिलने के कारण मुगलों और शिवाजी के बीच झगड़े पूरी तरह बंद हो गए थे। शिवाजी इस समय का उपयोग अपने राज्य के प्रशासन तथा जनता की दशा सुधारने एवं सेना का विस्तार करने में करने किया।
शांति में विघ्न
दिलेर खाँ को शहजादा मुअज्जम तथा सम्भाजी की दोस्ती अच्छी नहीं लगी। उसने औरंगजेब को पत्र लिखकर सूचित किया कि शहजादा मुअज्जम, मराठों के साथ मिलकर स्वयं बादशाह बनने का षड़यंत्र रच रहा है। दिलेर खाँ का पत्र पाकर औरंगजेब ने मुअज्जम को आदेश भिजवाया कि सम्भाजी को अपने दो सहायकों- प्रतापराव गूजर तथा नीराजी राव के साथ दिल्ली भेज दे। मुअज्जम को दिलेर खाँ के षड़यंत्र के बारे में पता लग गया और उसने सम्भाजी को सावधान कर दिया। सम्भाजी अपने साथियों सहित मुगल शिविर से भागकर पूना चला गया। औरंगजेब को विश्वास हो गया कि दिलेर खाँ की बात सही है। मुअज्जम ने दिखावा करने के लिए सम्भाजी को पकड़ने के प्रयास आरम्भ किए तथा एक टुकड़ी उसके पीछे भेजी जो कुछ दिन बाद असफल होकर लौट आई। इस प्रकार दक्षिण भारत में कुछ दिनों के लिए हुई शांति में एक बार फिर से विघ्न पड़ गया।